Precautions for the prevention of chemical burns and glass cuts

Precautions for the prevention of chemical burns and glass cuts

We in the laboratory test (such as ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer method, atomic absorption spectrophotometer method, spectrophotometer method, flame spectrophotometer method, etc.) will use chemical reagents, in order to prevent injury, sort out the following points for attention:

Corrosive stimulating drugs, such as strong acid, strong alkali, concentrated ammonia water, phosphorus oxychloride, concentrated hydrogen peroxide, qingfu acid, glacial acetic acid and bromine water, etc., wear rubber gloves and protective glasses as much as possible when using. If the medicine bottle is large, you must hold the bottom of the bottle with one hand and the bottleneck with the other.
When opening large bottles of liquid drugs, the sealing plaster must be sawed with a saw. It is forbidden to beat with other objects to prevent the bottle from being broken. Use trolleys to carry jars and large bottles containing acid or other corrosive liquids. It is strictly forbidden to carry or carry the jars. Use a special siphon to remove hazardous liquids and wear protective goggles, rubber gloves and an apron.
When the sulfuric acid is diluted, it must be carried out in a heat-resistant container, and the concentrated sulfuric acid must be slowly added to the water under constant stirring. Water cannot be added to concentrated sulfuric acid, which will concentrate a large amount of heat generated and sputter acid, which is very dangerous. When dissolving heat-generating substances such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, it must also be carried out in a heat-resistant container.
When removing the boiling water or solution, it needs to be clamped and shaken with a cup clamp to prevent sudden violent boiling and splashing of the solution to hurt people.
When cutting glass tubes (rods) and punching corks, it is easy to cause cuts. When a rubber tube is set on the glass tube or inserted into the rubber plug hole, the appropriate matching diameter must be correctly selected, the end surface of the glass tube should be smooth, the wall of the tube and the plug hole should be wet with water or glycerin, and the hand should be wrapped with cloth to prevent the hand from being cut when the glass tube is broken. When inserting the glass tube into the plug hole, you must hold the side of the plug and not hold it on the palm of your hand.
When assembling or disassembling the glassware, it should be carried out carefully to prevent the glassware from being damaged or cut off.
First aid and treatment of chemical burns

Common chemical burns and first aid and treatment

Alkali: sodium hydroxide (potassium), ammonia, calcium oxide, potassium carbonate immediately rinse with a large amount of water, and then rinse with 2% acetic acid solution, or sprinkle borate powder, or wash with 2% boric acid aqueous solution. In the case of a calcium oxide burn, you can coat the wound with vegetable oil.

Alkali metal qinghua and qingqing acid are washed with potassium permanganate solution first, then ammonium sulfide solution

Bromine is treated with a mixture of 1 volume 25% ammonia +1 volume turpentine +10 volumes 95% ethanol

Qingfu acid is washed with a large amount of cold water until the wound surface is red, then washed with 5% sodium bicarbonate solution, then coated with glycerin and magnesium oxide (2:1) suspension, and then wrapped with sterile gauze. Or soaked in 0.1% benzyl chloride ammonia water or iced ethanol solution.

The chromic acid is first rinsed with a large amount of water and then rinsed with a dilute solution of ammonium sulfide.

Yellow phosphorus immediately with 1% copper sulfate solution to wash the residual phosphorus, and then 0.01 potassium permanganate solution wet, coated with protective agent, bandage.

The phenol was first washed with a large amount of water and then washed with a (4+1)70% ethanol-ferric chloride (1 mol/L) mixed solution.

Silver nitrate is first rinsed with water, then rinsed with 5% sodium bicarbonate solution, and coated with ointment and sulfa powder.

Acids: sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, oxalic acid, picric acid first rinse with a large amount of water, and then rinse with 5% sodium carbonate solution.

* Can not apply oil, can not bandage, should expose the wound to allow its volatilization.